NATIONAL CONSULTANT TO CONDUCT THE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT (TNA) IN ZAMBIA

The consultancy will also include the following activities: • Facilitating stakeholder engagements/workshops. • Supporting participatory assessment processes to collect qualitative and quantitative data, including surveys, focus group meetings and interviews. • Collecting, organising, and synthesising relevant information into short analytical inputs. • Carrying out high-quality research and producing supporting knowledge inputs. • Supporting project planning and reporting arrangements, including working in professional teams.

Zambia

9 months

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) are key instruments for the socio-economic transformation of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and their sustainable development. For the purposes of this study, technology refers to hardware, technical know-how, technical skills, and software applied to solve development-related challenges. LDCs suffer from deficits in their Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) capacities, absorptive as well as adaptive capacities, and lag substantially behind both emerging and advanced economies. The importance of STI is recognised both in the Doha Programme of Action for the LDCs for the Decade 2022-2031 (DPoA) as well as the Decade of Action for the SDGs. The DPoA highlights the importance of using STI to address multiple vulnerabilities and achieve the SDGs, making this a central priority for sustainable and lasting graduation of LDCs. It calls for renewed and stronger partnerships between LDCs and their development partners, including governments, the private sector, and civil society. The DPoA also recognises the UN Technology Bank for Least Developed Countries as the main focal point for LDCs in the area of STI. Since 2019, the UN Technology Bank has been conducting Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs) in LDCs. The primary purpose of the TNA is to identify the technologies and technical know-how that the LDCs need to address key development challenges and, in the long term, assist them to develop the technological and innovative capabilities required to achieve growth, promote structural transformation, and attain the SDGs. It is in this context that the UN Technology Bank has been requested by the Government of Zambia to undertake a new generation Technology Needs Assessment, in close partnership with the Ministry of Technology and Science (MoTS) as the national focal institution and under the guidance of an inter-sectoral TNA Steering Committee. The project aims to strengthen the capacities of LDCs to harness the potential of science, technology, and innovation in line with their national development goals. Zambia has been classified as a Least Developed Country (LDC) since 1991 and is working towards graduation from the category, supported by efforts to strengthen productive capacities, diversify the economy and enhance human capital. Zambia’s long-term development vision, Vision 2030, aims to transform the country from a predominantly agrarian economy into a prosperous middle-income country driven by knowledge, innovation and value addition. Science, technology and innovation (STI) play a central role in this transformation, and addressing remaining gaps in innovation capabilities, technology adoption and knowledge-intensive production through the targeted and strategic use of STI will be critical to sustaining Zambia’s development gains and advancing its ambition for inclusive, resilient and innovation-led growth. The Government of Zambia, through the Ministry of Technology and Science, leads the TNA as a nationally owned and stakeholder-validated process. The timing is opportune: the preparation of the Ninth National Development Plan (9NDP) offers a chance to anchor the TNA’s findings and recommendations in national planning, budgeting and implementation. Zambia’s Eighth National Development Plan (2022–2026), the forthcoming Ninth National Development Plan and other national strategies will inform the identification of sectors, sub-sectors, economic activities, STI entry points and technology needs for the TNA. The priority sectors will be confirmed through consultations with the Government of Zambia and validated through the agreed TNA governance arrangements. Following Government validation of the priority sectors and confirmation of the TNA work plan, one or more rostered consultants may be invited to participate in a final selection and recruitment process, subject to applicable procedures and availability of funds. Purpose and Scope of Assignment In general, the challenges facing LDCs are numerous, and they cut across sectors and income levels. Thus, in principle, LDCs need different types of technologies, both hard and soft, to tackle immediate challenges and accelerate the development process. However, access to the diverse range of technologies they need is neither easy nor feasible — partly because of the high cost of acquiring technologies and partly because LDCs have low absorptive capacity, which limits their ability to absorb, learn, assimilate, and upgrade acquired technologies. This makes TNA a useful tool for pinpointing specific areas where appropriate and relevant technological solutions can be used to help LDCs overcome obstacles to development. The TNA will rely on a wide conceptualisation of technology, understood as the systematic knowledge and skills used in the process of production or service delivery. This knowledge can be embodied in products or processes. From the UN Technology Bank’s perspective, TNAs are policy tools designed to serve the following purposes: 1. Identify the specific sectors, sub-sectors or economic activities in LDCs that require technological input solutions and assess the level of technological development in each of them. 2. Ensure that the technological solutions identified are appropriate and compatible with LDCs’ level of development and aligned with their national development strategies. 3. Appraise the absorptive capacities of LDCs by reviewing the STI ecosystem, particularly the skills base, technology policy, and the institutional and regulatory environment governing the national innovation system (NIS). The rationale for appraising local absorptive capacities is to gauge the ability of the country to utilise and learn from transferred technologies and absorb and assimilate technology locally through adaptation and upgrading. 4. Consult with key national stakeholders, particularly the private sector, to determine technological needs from a wider perspective. 5. Recommend technological solutions and the specific sectors and sub-sectors where private and public investment and STI-related capacity building are needed and could enable LDCs to address immediate development challenges and narrow the technological gap with more developed economies. The overarching goal of the national consultancy is to support the preparation of the Zambia TNA by facilitating country-level data collection, stakeholder consultations, validation processes and short analytical inputs to inform the assessment. The National Consultant will support analysis of the sectors and thematic areas subsequently confirmed by the Government and the TNA governance arrangements. Until those areas are confirmed, the consultant may be considered for the roster on the basis of relevant expertise, networks and demonstrated ability to contribute across one or more potential sectors or thematic areas. The International Consultant remains responsible for the overall methodology, analytical coherence and drafting of the TNA report. In conducting the assignment, the National Consultant is expected to: • support the collection and organisation of relevant national, sectoral and sub-sectoral information within the sectors, sub-sectors and thematic areas confirmed for the TNA, and, where applicable, in the area subsequently assigned to the consultant and its related value chains, including policies, strategies, statistical data, studies, investment information, evidence on technology adoption and other relevant documentation; • liaise with relevant government institutions, statistical agencies, sector ministries, research institutions, private sector actors, and other data holders to identify, collect, compile and validate available sectoral, sub-sectoral and productivity-related information; • support stakeholder consultations to validate findings, identify technology needs, assess barriers to technology adoption and gather information on implementation conditions, investment drivers and constraints; and • prepare short input reports and supporting documentation to inform the TNA chapters prepared by the International Consultant. Additionally, the National Consultant will support the identification of opportunities to leverage public and private investment to support Zambia’s development through technology. This will include collecting relevant information on existing investment flows, potential private sector engagement, public-private partnerships, investment drivers and constraints, and opportunities for technology adoption and value-chain upgrading, in the sector, sub-sector or thematic area subsequently assigned to the consultant, where applicable. Under the supervision of the UN Technology Bank for LDCs, the National Consultant will work closely with Zambia’s Ministry of Technology and Science (MoTS) and the International Consultant to undertake the following tasks: 1. Support country-level data collection and stakeholder consultations to inform the analysis of Zambia’s development context, sectors, sub-sectors, economic activities and STI entry points identified for the TNA, with attention to the area subsequently assigned to the consultant, where applicable. 2. Liaise and follow up with national counterparts, including government institutions, statistical agencies, sector ministries, research institutions, private sector actors and other data holders, to obtain relevant sectoral, sub-sectoral and productivity-related information. 3. Collect, compile and organise available productivity-related information and related evidence, and document data sources, gaps and limitations where information is incomplete, dispersed or unavailable. 4. Facilitate in-country participatory processes, including interviews, focus group discussions, workshops and surveys, to support the collection of qualitative and quantitative information required for the TNA. 5. Support stakeholder consultations to identify relevant technologies and technical know-how capable of addressing sectoral development challenges and supporting sustainable structural transformation, considering existing STI initiatives and indigenous or locally developed technologies where relevant. 6. Collect stakeholder inputs on how relevant technologies can be implemented and scaled up within the national context, considering existing capacities, institutional arrangements, market conditions and investment considerations. 7. Collect and synthesise information on barriers and challenges hindering the acquisition, deployment, diffusion and scale-up of relevant technologies, including policy, regulatory, institutional, financing, skills, capacity, infrastructure, market and investment-related constraints. 8. Support the integration of cross-cutting considerations, including trade and export diversification, reduction of import dependence, gender equality, social inclusion, environmental sustainability and climate-related considerations, where relevant to the TNA analysis. 9. Liaise closely with the UN Technology Bank, Zambia’s Ministry of Technology and Science (MoTS) and the International Consultant to coordinate data collection, stakeholder consultations, validation processes and inputs to the TNA report.

- An advanced university degree (Master's degree or equivalent) in Economics, Business Administration, International Development and Trade, Science, Technology and Innovation Policy or related areas is required. A first-level university degree in similar fields, in combination with two additional years of qualifying experience, may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree - At least three (3) years of relevant working experience in international development, trade, science, technology and innovation, or in one or more sectors relevant to Zambia’s development agenda and potential TNA priorities is required. - Experience in qualitative and quantitative research methods, data collection, and data analysis techniques is required. - Knowledge of technologies and key issues/policies in science, technology, and innovation is required. - A good understanding of the local context, including the national development agenda, science, technology and innovation policies and LDC transition strategy, as well as well-established networks in the country, is required. - Strong analytical writing and communication skills are required. - Demonstrated knowledge of one or more relevant sectors, sub-sectors or thematic areas in Zambia, including related value chains, public institutions and private sector stakeholders, is desirable. - Publications on international development-related matters are desirable. - Previous work experience with the United Nations or other international organisations is desirable.

Fluency in oral and written English is required. Knowledge of a Zambian local language is desirable.

The National Consultant will report directly to the UN Technology Bank and work in close collaboration with the International Consultant and Zambia’s Ministry of Technology and Science (MoTS).